Written by Dr Kalpana Nagpal,
Recently, actor Ranbir Kapoor confessed in an interview that he talked and ate fast because of his deviated septum and over the years has managed to live with this condition. Now this is a condition that many people are born with or develop following a nose injury. In such cases, the septum, or the thin wall dividing the two nostrils, is slanted on one side when it should be in the centre.
This misalignment can partially block one or both nasal passages, leading to various symptoms and complications.
So how does it impact you?
A deviated septum can significantly impact breathing. The restricted airflow often leads to nasal congestion, making it difficult for people to breathe through their nose normally. As a result, they may rely on mouth breathing, particularly while sleeping. Breathing through the mouth causes greater resistance to air travelling through the airways. More force is necessary to push the inhaled air through the appropriate pathways in the nose so that it can reach the lungs, leading to noisy breathing and snoring. Major deviations are a common source of sleep disruptions and can over time, lead to obstructive sleep apnea.
Additionally, the reduced airflow can create a sensation of breathlessness and may inadvertently influence speech patterns. People with a deviated septum might talk faster or exhibit irregular breathing patterns to compensate for the restricted airflow, especially during extended conversations or strenuous activities.
Nasal congestion is another common symptom, often worse on one side. And because the mucus can’t be drained evenly, patients developed sinus problems. There can be frequent nosebleeds caused by drying of the nasal lining, headaches and facial pain.
How to diagnose a deviated septum?
An otolaryngologist (ENT specialist) can diagnose a deviated septum through a physical examination and imaging studies like a nasal endoscopy or CT scan. Identifying the severity of the deviation helps determine the best course of treatment.
How to manage this condition?
Mild cases of a deviated septum may not require intervention. However, those experiencing significant symptoms may have to depend on decongestants, antihistamines and nasal sprays to alleviate symptoms like congestion and inflammation. These do not correct the deviation but can improve comfort. Avoid over-the-counter medication like Otrivin (xylometazoline) as it can cause serious side effects.
Lifestyle adjustments like using a humidifier, which moistens the nasal cavity and keeps it uncongested, practising nasal irrigation and avoiding nasal irritants like smoke can help manage symptoms. For those whose speech or breathing patterns are affected, like in the case of Ranbir Kapoor, speech therapy may assist in developing more controlled speaking techniques. Avoid allergens like dust mites, pollen, animals, smoke, paint fumes, household chemicals and perfumes.
Surgical correction is needed in severe cases to realign the septum and improve airflow. Septoplasty is a common and effective solution for those with severe symptoms as it repositions and straightens the septum, improving airflow. Typically done under local or general anaesthesia, one recovers easily. Consult an ENT specialist for proper diagnosis and personalized care.
(Dr Kalpana Nagpal, is ENT, Head and Neck and Robotic Surgery specialist, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi)