The party has ruled out increasing income tax, National Insurance or capital gains tax if it wins the next election.
But some believe Rachel Reeves, the shadow chancellor, will have to raise taxes if the party is to fund its spending pledges – and if that is the case then taxes on “unearned income” from property or share portfolios are an obvious target.
The party is clearly split over capital gains tax – with deputy leader Angela Rayner last year refusing to rule out an increase in the rate during an interview with BBC Radio 4 despite Reeves saying she had “no plans” to do so.
According to analysis by Quilter, an increase to capital gains tax rates under Labour could cost higher taxpayers an extra £900 in tax. This assumes a £250,000 capital gain from a property sale and that capital gains tax rates are aligned with income tax rates, as some have called for.
Selling a second home incurs capital gains tax at 28pc (though this is being cut to 24pc from April) if you are a higher-rate taxpayer and 18pc if you pay the basic-rate of income tax. The rate is 20pc and 10pc for other assets such as shares.
The suggestion to align income and capital gains rates was first made by the Office for Tax Simplification, a now-disbanded government agency. If this happened, the capital gains tax rates would be 20pc, 40pc and 45pc depending on the seller’s income tax bracket.
Isas remain the most effective way to shield your savings and investments from any tax changes.
A family of four could stash as much as £116,000 in Isas between now and April 7 using the full allowances available for the 2023-24 and 2024-25 tax years. Pensions also allow gains to build up free of tax.
A family of four, where both parents earn £60,000 each, could add £255,000 over both tax years. Though of course pensions are not accessible until at least the age of 55 and withdrawals are subject to income tax (beyond the 25pc tax-free allowance).
It takes minutes to set up an Isa or Self-invested personal pension as long as you have personal and bank account details and National Insurance numbers.
Quilter has estimated that individuals with £20,000 outside of an Isa will lose £135 or £335 this year, depending on their income tax bracket, due to the capital growth being lost to capital gains tax and dividend tax.
Shaun Moore, of Quilter, said: “Lower allowances and higher interest rates mean you will likely find that your personal savings allowance, CGT annual exempt amount and dividend allowance will be decimated very quickly. Even only relatively small gains can waste huge amounts of your allowances next tax year and therefore the sooner assets can be in a tax-sheltered environment like an Isa the better.”
If you currently have investments outside of a tax-free wrapper, you can sell these and move the proceeds into an Isa in a process called “Bed and Isa”. Selling these ahead of the tax year end will allow you to make use of the £6,000 capital gains tax allowance before it is cut. “Bed and Isa can take several days, so should not be left until the final weeks of the tax year,” Mr Hollands said.
Over time, the capital gains tax savings can be huge. Assuming a £20,000 investment grows at 7pc a year – with income reinvested – then in ten years’ time you would have a gain worth £19,343, according to Bestinvest. If held in an Isa then all of this would be tax-free – if it is kept outside, then a higher-rate taxpayer would pay £3,269 in tax, assuming the allowance remained at £3,000.
Another way to save on tax is to make use of family’s allowances. Laura Suter, of AJ Bell, said: “If one half of the couple is a lower earner, or non-earner, there are tax advantages to moving certain investments or savings into their name, to make use of their lower tax rate. At the same time, if one half of the couple hasn’t used up their tax-free allowances in a year and the other has, it might be worth shifting assets to benefit from their personal savings allowance, capital gains tax allowance or dividend tax-free sum.
“Equally if you’ve maxed out your Isa or pension allowances and your spouse hasn’t, you should consider whether you want to move money into their name to use those allowances.”
In addition, you can make use of your children’s allowances. You can invest up to £9,000 into a Junior Isa for your child every year until they turn 18.
From April 2024 onwards savers will also be able to open as many Isas as they want, where previously they could only open one of each type. This will allow savers to more easily take advantage of the top savings rates in the cash Isa market.